It is therefore imperative to understand the strategies individuals use to cope with the negative psychological consequences of the pandemic, in order to support resilience on individual and community levels ( Vinkers et al., 2020).
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Not only has the coronavirus pandemic created an increased need for mental health support in many populations, it has complicated the delivery of professional mental health services, due to the need to rely on technology such as video conferencing ( Ojha and Syed, 2020). The mental health effect of the pandemic may be exacerbated by the necessity to remain in social isolation to prevent the spread of the virus ( White and Van Der Boor, 2020). The European College of Neuropsychopharmacology has noted that while emotion distress and anxiety are normal responses to an unpredictable and threatening situation such as the pandemic ( Vinkers et al., 2020), research suggests that rates of anxiety and depression have notably increased during the pandemic ( Salari et al., 2020), with one study suggesting a rate of anxiety three times higher than pre-pandemic in Austria ( Pieh et al., 2020).
Public mental health has been raised as an important issue to address through research and practice during the coronavirus pandemic ( Xiang et al., 2020). Widespread social isolation in conjunction with widespread access to the internet and other technology has created an unprecedented situation in many spheres of public and private life.
Such measures have proven to effective when strictly implemented ( Alfano and Ercolano, 2020 Sjödin et al., 2020), but for many countries has come at high cost to economic and social wellbeing ( Ahmad et al., 2020 Herat, 2020 Vinkers et al., 2020). In response to the pandemic, many countries instituted lockdown measures, closing non-essential businesses and schools, and cautioning citizens to stay at home, in order to slow the spread of the virus. A notable feature of COVID-19 is pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission, such that individuals could unknowingly pass the virus on to others while feeling healthy, leading to uncertainty about the situation for individuals and governments alike ( Furukawa et al., 2020). On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organize declared a global pandemic due to the spread of COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by a novel strain of coronavirus which was first identified in China near the end of the previous year. A small number of participants described having negative emotional responses to music, the majority of whom also reported severe levels of anxiety. Analysis revealed correlations between participants’ use of mood for music regulation, their musical engagement, and their levels of anxiety and worry. This was especially true of listening to self-selected music and watching live streamed concerts.
Results indicated that, for the majority of participants, while many felt their use of music had changed since the beginning of the pandemic, the amount of their music listening behaviors were either unaffected by the pandemic or increased.
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An online survey in which participants responded to Likert scale questions as well as providing free text responses was used to explore how participants were engaging with music during the first wave of the pandemic, whether and how they were using music for mood regulation, and how their engagement with music related to their experiences of worry and anxiety resulting from the pandemic.
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